LONDON/ULAANBAATAR, 13 October 2025 – A new expert survey commissioned by the New Nuclear Watch Institute (NNWI) has found strong support among Mongolian energy specialists for nuclear power as a cornerstone of the country’s long-term energy strategy. The findings suggest that professional community see nuclear, including Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), as a key to diversifying Mongolia’s coal-heavy electricity system, cutting greenhouse gas emissions, and enhancing national energy security.
The study, conducted by independent pollster MMCG between July and September 2025, reveals that 51% of experts believe nuclear energy is necessary for Mongolia’s long-term development, compared to just 29% who see it as unnecessary. On a scale of one to ten, nuclear receives an average support score of 6.2, with specialists highlighting its low emissions (7.9), cost efficiency over time (7.8) and reliability (7.5).
At present, Mongolia relies on coal for 70-80% of its electricity and imports roughly a quarter of its power. The survey shows a consensus that this model is unsustainable, with 91% of respondents citing insufficient diversification as the single most critical challenge. Nuclear is viewed as a viable solution, offering Mongolia the potential to meet 10–15% of total demand by 2040 while complementing rapid growth in renewables. Experts stress that Mongolia’s own uranium resources and abundant wind and solar capacity provide the foundations for a cleaner, more independent energy future.
SMRs in particular are rated favourably, with an average score of 7.0 among experts familiar with the technology. Respondents emphasised the adaptability of SMRs to Mongolia’s geography and demand profile, pointing to benefits such as scalability, shorter construction times, and affordability. Specialists argue that SMRs could serve as the backbone of a balanced system, providing dependable baseload while renewables and storage meet variable demand. Beyond energy supply, SMRs are seen as a symbol of innovation, offering opportunities for technological advancement and international collaboration.
The survey did highlight areas requiring attention. Public awareness of nuclear energy is rated low (3.3/10), and acceptance of a nuclear project moderate (4.3/10). Concerns remain about safety, waste management and institutional capacity, with 74% of experts identifying safety risks as the most pressing challenge. However, the study indicates these barriers can be overcome through strong regulation, transparent governance, capacity-building and structured public engagement. Experts agree that public attitudes improve significantly with greater access to clear, accurate information.
Looking ahead, specialists outline key steps for policymakers: creating a dedicated nuclear energy programme implementation organisation (NEPIO), updating Mongolia’s 2009 nuclear law, investing in skills and education, and strengthening international partnerships. France (60%) and Russia (54%) emerge as preferred collaborators, with experts stressing the need for agreements that align with Mongolia’s long-term national interests.
Announcing
the results, NNWI said: "The message from Mongolia’s energy community is
pragmatic but optimistic. Nuclear power, particularly through Small Modular
Reactors, offers Mongolia a credible path to secure, low-carbon, and reliable
energy. By beginning the enabling work now, Mongolia can build a nuclear
programme that complements renewables, strengthens energy independence, and
accelerates decarbonisation.”
Notes to editors
The report “Mongolia at the Energy Crossroads: Expert Survey on Nuclear Prospects” was commissioned by NNWI and conducted by MMCG in July–September 2025. It combines an online survey of 35 energy‑sector experts with in‑depth interviews of 21 senior professionals. Respondents included officials, researchers and private‑sector leaders with an average of 19 years’ experience.
About NNWI: The New Nuclear Watch Institute is a London‑based think‑tank focused on the international development of nuclear energy. Founded in 2014 by Tim Yeo, a former UK energy and environment minister, NNWI argues that nuclear power is essential to meeting the Paris Agreement’s objectives and to tackling climate change; it promotes evidence‑based policy and international collaboration across the sector.
About MMCG: MMCG (Mongolian Marketing Consulting Group) is a leading Mongolian research and consultancy firm established in 2002. It is regularly commissioned by government, multilaterals and development partners, such as UNDP and IBRD for nationally significant studies. Senior MMCG leaders chair and staff the board of the Mongolian Marketing Research Association (MMRA).
For media availability, interviews or an embargoed copy of the full analysis, please contact NNWI at: contact@newnuclearwatchinstitute.org
